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Virgo

Virgo is a gravitational wave detector that was collaboratively built by French and Italian labs and was in operation until 2011. Then, the instrument was decommissioned and adapted to achieve 10 times higher sensitivity. Advanced Virgo started operation in 2017. Together with LIGO, GEO600 and KAGRA, it has since served the purpose of investigating space using gravitational wave signals.

Definitioner

KAGRA

Der Kamioka Gravitational Wave Detector (KAGRA) ist ein unterirdischer japanischer Gravitationswellendetektor mit drei Kilometer langen Armen. KAGRA zeichnet sich durch die verwendete Kyrotechnik aus, das heißt, die Spiegel des Interferometers werden auf 20 Kelvin gekühlt, um thermisches Rauschen zu reduzieren. Die unterirdische Bauweise verspricht darüber hinaus ein reduziertes seismisches Rauschen. Der Detektor ging 2020 in den Beobachtungsbetrieb.

KAGRA

The Kamioka Gravitational Wave Detector (KAGRA) is an underground Japanese gravitational wave detector, the length of its two arms being 3 km. KAGRA uses cyrogenic technology, which means that the interferometer’s mirrors are cooled down to 20 Kelvin in order to reduce thermal noise. On top of that, the underground construction is expected to reduce seismic noise. The detector has started observation in 2020.

Virgo

Virgo ist ein französisch-italienischer Gravitationswellendetektor, der zunächst bis 2011 in Betrieb war und anschließend zu Advanced Virgo umgebaut wurde, der zehnmal empfindlicher sein soll. Dieser ging 2017 in den Betrieb. Seither dient er zusammen mit LIGO, GEO600 und KAGRA der Erforschung des Weltalls mithilfe von Gravitationswellensignalen.

GEO600

Deutsch-britischer Gravitationswellendetektor mit dem Standort Ruthe (nahe Hannover). GEO600 ist ein interferometrischer Gravitationswellendetektor mit 600 Metern Armlänge. Webseiten von GEO600

LIGO

Laser-Interferometer-Gravitationswellenobservatorium: ein Detektor für Gravitationswellen in den USA, welcher zwischen 2010 und 2015 zum Advanced LIGO ausgebaut wurde. Der Detektor besteht aus zwei interferometrischen Gravitationswellendetektoren, mit jeweils vier Kilometern Armlänge. Einer davon steht in Hanford im US-Bundesstaat Washington, ein weiterer in Livingston im US-Bundesstaat Louisiana. An LIGO wurden 2015 die ersten Gravitationswellen direkt nachgewiesen. LIGO-Webseiten

wave

In a general sense: any travelling pattern, whether or not it involves matter being transported as well. Simple examples are water-waves - wave crests and troughs travelling over a water surface, and a Mexican wave in a football stadium, with fans alternately standing up and sitting down - the pattern moves throught the stadium, not the fans themselves.

An especially simple form for a wave is a sinus wave, a regular pattern of wave crests and troughs.

space

In a strict sense: Space as we know it from everyday life: the totality of all locations in which objects can sit, with three dimensions. In a more general sense used by mathematicians, all kinds of sets of points are spaces - a line for instance, which has but a single dimension, or a two-dimensional surface, but also higher-dimensional spaces. Also, in such more general spaces, geometry can be different from the standard Euclidean geometry taught in high schools - such spaces can be curved.

LIGO

Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory : A detector project for the measurement of gravitational waves in the United States, which was upgraded to the Advanced LIGO between 2010 and 2015 .The detector includes two interferometric gravitational wave detectors, with an arm-length of four kilometers each. One of them is located in Hanford, Washington, the other one is located in Livingston, Louisiana. The first ever direct measurement of gravitational waves was made at LIGO. > LIGO website

GEO600

British-German gravitational wave detector located in Ruthe (close to Hannover, Germany). GEO600 is an interferometric gravitational wave detector with an arm-length of 600 metres. GEO600 website

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Virgo

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